Common Name: Barium Chlorate CAS Number: 13477-00-4 DOT Number: UN 1445 Date: August 1, 1987 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Barium Chlorate can affect you when breathed in. * Contact may burn the eyes and skin. * Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat and bronchial tubes. * After repeated exposure, Barium may show up as spots in the lungs on chest x-ray. * Some Barium chemicals are contaminated with silica, which scars the lungs. * Chlorates can damage red blood cells, leading to kidney damage, or cause methemoglobin to form in the blood, reducing Oxygen supply to body organs. * Barium Chlorate is a REACTIVE chemical and is an EXPLOSION HAZARD. IDENTIFICATION Barium Chlorate is a white powder or crystalline (sugar or sand- like) material. It is used in fireworks, explosives, textile dyeing and to make other chlorates. REASON FOR CITATION * Barium Chlorate is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT and NFPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is REACTIVE. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910. 20. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * These exposure limits are recommended for soluble Barium compounds. OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 0.5 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.5 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Barium Chlorate. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of Barium Chlorate to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Barium Chlorate: * Skin or eye contact causes severe irritation and even burns. * Breathing the dust or mist can irritate the nose, throat and bronchial tubes, causing cough and phlegm. * Higher or repeated exposure can damage red blood cells. Symptoms may be delayed, and include headaches, weakness, abdominal pain, dark urine and jaundice. This can lead to kidney damage. * Overexposure to Chlorates can cause the blood's hemoglobin to change to met-hemoglobin, reducing the Oxygen supply to body organs. This can make the skin turn blue. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Barium Chlorate and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Barium Chlorate has not been tested for its ability to cause cancer in animals. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Barium Chlorate has not been tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction. Other Long-Term Effects * Repeated exposure may cause Barium to show up as spots in the lungs on a chest x-ray. This usually takes 1 to 2 years to develop and can remain for years after exposure. It is not in itself believed to affect lung function but chronic cough from dust irritation could affect lung function. * Repeated skin contact can cause chronic dryness and cracking. * Kidney damage can result from high or repeated exposures which damage red blood cells. MEDICAL Medical Testing If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Lung function tests. * Complete blood count. * Test for methemoglobin. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. Mixed Exposures * Industrial grade Barium compounds may be contaminated with Silica. Exposure to such dust can lead to gradual lung scarring (which may look similar on chest x-ray to Barium alone) and reduced lung function. Find out whether your Barium Chlorate is contaminated with Silica. * Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health problems. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following control is recommended: * Where possible, automatically transfer Barium Chlorate from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Barium Chlorate should change into clean clothing promptly. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Barium Chlorate. * On skin contact with Barium Chlorate, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. * Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean-up. Do not dry sweep. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Barium Chlorate. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/ clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield when working with liquids containing Barium Chlorate, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. * Wear dust-proof goggles and face shield when working with powders or dust, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Respiratory Protection * IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Where the potential exists for exposures over 0.5 mg/m3, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved full facepiece respirator equipped with particulate (dust/fume/ mist) filters. Particulate filters must be checked every day before work for physical damage, such as rips or tears, and replaced as needed. * If while wearing a filter, cartridge or canister respirator, you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect Barium Chlorate, or in the case of a full facepiece respirator you experience eye irritation, leave the area immediately. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. If it is, replace the filter, cartridge, or canister. If the seal is no longer good, you may need a new respirator. * Be sure to consider all potential exposures in your workplace. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters, cartridges, or canisters to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals. * Where the potential for high exposures exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full face- piece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode. * Exposure to 250 mg/m3 is immediately dangerous to life and health. If the possibility of exposures above 250 mg/m3 exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or other positive pressure mode. Common Name: Barium Chlorate DOT Number: UN 1445 DOT Emergency Guide code: 42 CAS Number: 13477-00-4 ---------------------------------------- NJ DOH Hazard rating FLAMMABILITY 0 REACTIVITY 2 ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * May explode when heated. Contact with combustible, organic, or other easily oxidizable materials, such as paper, oil, fuels or sawdust can cause fires. Rubbing of theses mixtures can cause explosions. * Use water to extinguish the fire. * POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If Barium Chlorate is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. * Collect solid material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. * Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar non-organic material and deposit in sealed containers. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Barium Chlorate as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with Barium Chlorate you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. FIRST AID Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of water. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Water Solubility: Soluble ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 (609) 984-2202 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Barium is a yellowish-white solid which exists in a variety of salt forms. Barium and its salts have a wide variety of applications, including uses in nuclear reactors, electronic tubes, as additives in lubricating oils, in the manufacture of pyrotechnics and explosives, in tanning and finishing leathers, as a mordant for fabrics and dyes, in electroplating, aluminum refining, and rubber manufacture; and in the production of paints and enamels. Barium may enter the environment from industrial and municipal waste treatment plant discharges, or spills. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. Barium and its salts have moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short- term effects of barium or its salts to plants, birds, or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. Barium and its salts have moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of barium or its salts to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY Most of the barium salts are either highly or moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of 1 to 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Barium is highly persistent in water, with a half-life greater than 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of barium found in fish tissues is expected to be about the same as the average concentration of in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.