Common Name: Diallate CAS Number: 2303-16-4 DOT Number: NA 2902 Date: January, 1989 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Diallate can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * Diallate should be handled as a CARCINOGEN WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * Contact can irritate and may burn the skin, and can irritate the eyes. * Breathing Diallate can irritate the nose, throat and lungs, causing tightness in the chest and/or difficulty in breathing. * Higher exposures can affect the nervous system, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, reduced muscle coordination, twitching of muscles, excess saliva, blurred vision, convulsions (seizures or "fits"), coma and even death. * High or repeated exposure can damage the liver and kidneys. IDENTIFICATION Diallate is a brown liquid. It is a carbamate pesticide used as a herbicide. REASON FOR CITATION * Diallate is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by DOT, DEP, IARC and EPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CARCINOGEN. * Definitions are attached. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS No occupational exposure limits have been established for Diallate. This does not mean that this substance is not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed. * Diallate may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level. * It should be recognized that Diallate can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Diallate and at the end of the workshift. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of Diallate to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Diallate: * Contact can irritate and may burn the skin, and can irritate the eyes. * Breathing Diallate can irritate the nose, throat and lungs, causing tightness in the chest and/or difficulty in breathing. * Higher exposures can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, sweating, weakness, abdominal pain, poor muscle coordination, blurred vision, increased saliva, muscle twitching, convulsions, coma and even death. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Diallate and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * There is limited evidence that Diallate causes cancer in animals. It may cause cancer of the liver. * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Diallate has been tested in an animal study and was not shown to adversely affect reproduction. Other Long Term Effects * Liver and kidney damage may occur. * It is not known whether repeated exposure causes permanent damage to the nervous system. * Some related chemicals cause skin allergy. It is not known whether Diallate has this effect. If allergy develops, even very low future exposure can trigger rash and itching. MEDICAL Medical Testing If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Lung function tests if lung symptoms are present. * Kidney and liver function tests. * Exam of the nervous system. * Interview for brain effects, including recent memory, mood (irritability, withdrawal), concentration, headaches, malaise and altered sleep patterns. Consider cerebellar, autonomic and peripheral nervous system evaluation. Positive and borderline individuals should be referred for neuropsychological testing. * Evaluation by a qualified allergist, including careful exposure history and special testing, may help diagnose skin allergy. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following controls are recommended: * Where possible, automatically pump liquid Diallate from drums or other storage containers to process containers. * Specific engineering controls are recommended for this chemical by NIOSH. Refer to the NIOSH publications: Occupational Exposure During the Manufacture and Formulation of Pesticides #78 174; and Working Safely with Pesticides #76 147. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Diallate should change into clean clothing promptly. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Diallate. * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. * On skin contact with Diallate, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Diallate, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Diallate is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Diallate. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory protection. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to Diallate does not occur. * Where the potential exists for exposures to Diallate, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. * For field applications, ask your supplier for the appropriate respiratory protective gear. Always stand upwind of the area of pesticide application. Common Name: Diallate DOT Number: NA 2902 DOT Emergency Guide code: 55 CAS Number: 2303-16-4 ---------------------------------------- Hazard rating NJDOH NFPA FLAMMABILITY Not Found Not Rated REACTIVITY Not Found Not Rated ---------------------------------------- POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE CARCINOGEN ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Diallate may burn, but does not readily ignite. * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Chlorine and Oxides of Sulfur and Nitrogen. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If Diallate is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. * Remove all ignition sources. * Ventilate area of spill or leak. * Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Diallate as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Pro gram for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with Diallate you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact * Remove contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Water Solubility: Slightly soluble. OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: Carbamothioic Acid, Bis (1 Methyl ethyl) S (2,3 Dichloro 2 Propenyl) Ester Other Names and Formulations: 2,3 Dichlo 2 Propene 1 Thiol, Diisopropyl carbamate; S 2,3 Dichloroallyl Diisopropylthiocarbamate; DATC. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Diallate is a brown liquid chemical used as a selective herbicide to control wild oats in agricultural crops. It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or agricultural runoff. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. Diallate has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Its use as a selective herbicide indicates that it will be toxic to at least certain types of plants. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of diallate to birds or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. Diallate has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long- term effects of diallate to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY Diallate is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Diallate is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 57.25% of diallate will eventually end up in water; about 15.5% will end up in terrestrial soils; about 14.5% will end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in the air. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of diallate found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of diallate in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.