Common Name: 2-Acetylaminofluorene CAS Number: 53-96-3 DOT Number: None Date: January 31, 1986 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * 2-Acetylaminofluorene can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a CARCINOGEN HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION. IDENTIFICATION 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a tan powder or crystalline (sugar or sand like) solid. It is used in laboratory research. REASON FOR CITATION * 2-Acetylaminofluorene is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by NTP and EPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN. * Definitions are attached. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * There have been no exposure limits established for 2- Acetylaminofluorene. There is a full OSHA standard 1910.1014 with specific regulations for 2-Acetylaminofluorene. * 2-Acetylaminofluorene is absorbed through your skin. Skin contact should be eliminated. * 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a PROBABLE CANCER CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * A regulated area should be established where 2- Acetylaminofluorene is handled, used, or stored as required in the OSHA Standard 1910.1014. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 2- Acetylaminofluorene and upon exit from a regulated area. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of 2-Acetylaminofluorene to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene: * Because 2-Acetylaminofluorene has very limited use in industry, and contact is kept to a minimum to prevent cancer, nothing is known about acute health effects. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to 2-Acetylaminofluorene and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * There is some evidence that it causes bladder, kidney and liver cancer in humans and it has been shown to cause bladder, kidney and liver cancer in animals. * Many scientists believe that there is no safe level of exposure to a cancer causing agent. Reproductive Hazard * There is limited evidence that 2-Acetylaminofluorene is a teratogen in animals. Until further testing has been done, it should be treated as a possible teratogen in humans. MEDICAL Medical Testing Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the following is recommended: * Urine cytology (a special test for abnormal cells in the urine). Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING Controls are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following controls are recommended: * Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard: 1910.1014, 2- Acetylaminofluorene. * 2-Acetylaminofluorene should be used in an enclosed system. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 2- Acetylaminofluorene. * On skin contact with 2-Acetylaminofluorene, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. * Wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 2- Acetylaminofluorene at the end of each workday, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 2-Acetylaminofluorene is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with 2-Acetylaminofluorene. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/ manufacturers can provide recommendations on the protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory protection. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Common Name: 2-Acetylaminofluorene DOT Number: None DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation CAS Number: 53-96-3 ---------------------------------------- NJ DOH Hazard rating FLAMMABILITY Not Found REACTIVITY Not Found ---------------------------------------- CANCER CAUSING AGENT ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. 2-Acetylaminofluorene itself does not burn. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill until cleanup is complete. * Ventilate the area of spill or leak. * If 2-Acetylaminofluorene is spilled or leaked, only specifically trained personnel should be involved in the cleanup. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 2- Acetylaminofluorene as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with 2-Acetylaminofluorene you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * A regulated, marked area should be established where 2- Acetylaminofluorene is handled, used, or stored. * 2-Acetylaminofluorene must be stored to avoid contact with CYANIDES, since violent reactions occur. FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Water Solubility: Insoluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: Acetamide, N 9H Fluoren 2 yl Other Names and Formulations: n-2-Fluorenyl Acetamide; n-Acetylaminophenanthrene. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ----------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 2-Acetylaminofluorene is used as an intermediate to make dyes. It most likely enters the environment from industrial discharges or spills. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. 2-Acetylaminofluorene has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short- term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. 2-Acetylaminofluorene has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY 2-Acetylaminofluorene is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2-Acetylaminofluorene is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 79% of 2-Acetylaminofluorene will eventually end up in water; about 11%, respectively will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of 2-Acetylaminofluorene found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 2- Acetylaminofluorene in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.