Common Name: Aniline CAS Number: 62-53-3 DOT Number: UN 1547 Date: January 1986 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Aniline can affect you when breathed in and by rapidly passing through your skin. * Because this is a MUTAGEN, handle it as a possible cancer causing substance WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * Aniline affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen and high exposure can cause death. Less severe exposures can cause headaches, blue skin, weakness, drowsiness, and shortness of breath. * Aniline can irritate the eyes and may cause brownish staining. * Repeated exposure may cause headaches, dizziness, poor appetite, and anemia. * Contact can cause eye damage. IDENTIFICATION Aniline is a colorless to brown oily liquid with a weak fishy odor. It is used in making dyes, herbicides and drugs. REASON FOR CITATION * Aniline is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, DOT, NFPA and EPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a MUTAGEN. * Definitions are attached. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting air samples. Under OSHA 1910.20, you have a legal right to obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. * ODOR THRESHOLD = 1.1 ppm. * The odor threshold only serves as a warning of exposure. Not smelling it does not mean you are not being exposed. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 5 ppm averaged over an 8 hour work shift. ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 2 ppm averaged over an 8 hour workshift. * Aniline is a MUTAGEN. Mutagens may have a cancer risk. All contact with this chemical should be reduced to the lowest possible level. It should be recognized that Aniline can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Aniline and at the end of the workshift. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of Aniline to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Aniline: * Aniline affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen and high exposure can cause death. The lips and skin can turn a blue color (cyanosis). Exposure also can cause headaches, weakness, irritability, drowsiness, and shortness of breath. * Contact can cause eye irritation and damage. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Aniline and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * Aniline causes MUTATIONS (genetic changes). * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard * There is some evidence that women employed in the Aniline dye industry have a higher incidence of reproductive cycle disorders and abortions. The cause of these problems is unclear at this time. Other Long Term Effects * Repeated exposure may cause anemia. * Brownish staining of the eyes can occur. MEDICAL TESTING If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Blood methemoglobin. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following control is recommended: * Where possible, automatically pump liquid Aniline from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Aniline should change into clean clothing promptly. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Aniline. * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. * On skin contact with Aniline, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Aniline, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Aniline is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Aniline. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Wear splashproof chemical goggles and face shield when working with liquid Aniline, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to Aniline does not occur. * Where the potential exists for exposures to Aniline, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. * Exposure to 100 ppm is immediately dangerous to life and health. If the possibility of exposures above 100 ppm exists, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in continuous flow or other positive pressure mode. HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with Aniline you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * Aniline must be stored to avoid contact with STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC, and NITRIC) and OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, and NITRATES), since violent reactions occur. * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from HEAT. * Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Aniline is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. Common Name: Aniline DOT Number: UN 1547 DOT Emergency Guide code: 57 CAS Number: 62-53-3 ---------------------------------------- Hazard rating NFPA FLAMMABILITY 2 REACTIVITY 0 ---------------------------------------- POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Aniline is a COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID. * Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. * Use water spray to keep fire exposed containers cool. * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If Aniline is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean up is complete. * Ventilate the area of spill or leak. * Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Aniline as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Vapor Pressure: 0.6 mm Hg at 68oF (20oC) Flash Point: 158oF (70oC) Water Solubility: Soluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: Benzenamine Other Names and Formulations: Aminobenzene; Aminophen; Phenylamine. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Aniline occurs naturally in coal-tars and is used in the polymer, rubber, agricultural, and dye industries. Important agricultural uses for aniline derivatives include pesticides, repellants, and defoliants. It can enter the environment through direct disposal and indirect use, such as industrial discharges and non-point sources from agricultural use. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. Aniline has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and moderate acute toxicity to birds. Aniline causes germination decrease, stunting, and size decreases (among other effects) on numerous agricultural crops. No data are available on the short-term effects of aniline to land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. Aniline has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. No data are available on the long-term effects of aniline to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY Aniline is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Aniline is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 93% of aniline will eventually end up in water; about 6.5% will end up in the air; and less than 1% will end up in terrestrial soil and aquatic sediments, respectively. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of aniline found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of aniline in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.