Common Name: Isobutyraldehyde CAS Number: 78-84-2 DOT Number: UN 2045 Date: August 5, 1987 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Isobutyraldehyde can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose and throat. High levels can irritate the lungs. Higher levels can cause a build up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause death. * Contact can irritate the skin. * High levels can cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded and to pass out. * Isobutyraldehyde is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID and a FIRE HAZARD. IDENTIFICATION Isobutyraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. It is used to make vitamins, perfumes, flavorings and many other industrial chemicals. REASON FOR CITATION * Isobutyraldehyde is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by DOT and NFPA. * Definitions are attached. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS No occupational exposure limits have been established for Isobutyraldehyde. This does not mean that this substance is not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed. It should be recognized that Isobutyraldehyde can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to Isobutyraldehyde and at the end of the workshift. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of Isobutyraldehyde to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Isobutyraldehyde: * Contact can irritate the skin and eyes. * Exposure can irritate the nose and throat. Higher levels can irritate the lungs, causing cough and shortness of breath. Higher levels may cause a build up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause death. * High levels can cause you to feel dizzy, lightheaded and to pass out. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Isobutyraldehyde and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Isobutyraldehyde has been tested and has not been shown to cause cancer in animals. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Isobutyraldehyde has not been tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction. Other Long Term Effects * Very irritating substances may affect the lungs. It is not known whether Isobutyraldehyde causes lung damage. * Repeated skin exposure may cause dryness, itching and a rash. * Isobutyraldehyde may cause a skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposures can cause itching and a skin rash. MEDICAL Medical Testing Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, for those with frequent or potentially high exposures, the following are recommended: * Lung function tests. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Consider chest x ray after acute overexposure. * Evaluation by a qualified allergist, including careful exposure history and special testing, may help diagnose skin allergy. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. Mixed Exposures Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung cancer, emphysema and other respiratory problems, it may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health problems. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following controls are recommended: * Where possible, automatically pump liquid Isobutyraldehyde from drums or other storage containers to process containers. * Before entering a confined space where Isobutyraldehyde may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by Isobutyraldehyde should change into clean clothing promptly. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to Isobutyraldehyde. * Wash any areas of the body that may have contacted Isobutyraldehyde at the end of each workday, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where Isobutyraldehyde is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with Isobutyraldehyde. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day and put on before work. Eye Protection * Wear splash proof chemical goggles and face shield when working with liquid Isobutyraldehyde, unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to Isobutyraldehyde does not occur. * Where the potential for exposures to Isobutyraldehyde exists, use a MSHA/ NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with Isobutyraldehyde you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from OXIDIZERS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES and NITRATES) since violent reactions occur. * Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Isobutyraldehyde is handled, used, or stored. * Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of Isobutyraldehyde should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame arresters. * Use only non sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of Isobutyraldehyde. * Wherever Isobutyraldehyde is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion proof electrical equipment and fittings. Common Name: Isobutyraldehyde DOT Number: UN 2045 DOT Emergency Guide code: 26 CAS Number: 78-84-2 ---------------------------------------- NJ DOH Hazard rating FLAMMABILITY 3 REACTIVITY 1 ---------------------------------------- POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Isobutyraldehyde is a FLAMMABLE LIQUID. * Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or alcohol foam extinguishers. * POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * Cool fire exposed containers with water until well after fire is out. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If Isobutyraldehyde is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean up is complete. * Remove all ignition sources. * Ventilate area of spill or leak. * Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers. * Keep Isobutyraldehyde out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build up of explosive concentrations. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Isobutyraldehyde as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your Environmental Program for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. * Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. PHYSICAL DATA Vapor Pressure: 170 mm Hg at 68oF Flash Point: 40oF Water Solubility: Slightly soluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: Propanal, 2 Methyl Other Names: Isobutanal; Isobutyric Aldehyde. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Project CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Isobutyraldehyde is a flammable liquid with a pungent odor. It is used to make other chemicals, leading to such products as perfumes, flavors, plasticizers, resins, gasoline additives, solvents, amino acids, and rubber anitoxidants. Isobutyraldehyde may enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. Isobutyraldehyde has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short- term effects of isobutyraldehyde to plants, birds, or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. Isobutyraldehyde has slight chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long- term effects of isobutyraldehyde to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY Isobutyraldehyde is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Isobutyraldehyde is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 89.4% of isobutyraldehyde will eventually end up in air; the rest will end up in water. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of isobutyraldehyde found in fish tissues is expected to be about the same as the average concentration of isobutyraldehyde in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.