Common Name: 4-Aminodiphenyl CAS Number: 92-67-1 DOT Number: None Date: January 31, 1986 ----------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * 4-Aminodiphenyl can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CARCINOGEN HANDLE WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * Exposure may interfere with the ability of the blood to carry oxygen (a condition called methemoglobinemia). This causes symptoms of headaches, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, and blue or violet discoloration of the lips and skin. * Exposure can cause urinary bladder irritation. This may cause a burning feeling on urination and blood in the urine. IDENTIFICATION 4-Aminodiphenyl is a colorless or yellowish brown crystalline (sand like) material. It also exists in liquid solutions and is used in research laboratories. REASON FOR CITATION * 4-Aminodiphenyl is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by ACGIH, IARC, NTP and CAG and EPA. * This chemical is also on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT and a MUTAGEN. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS * No exposure limits have been set. However, there is a full OSHA standard (1910.1011) that describes how 4-Aminodiphenyl must be handled. * 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact (including skin) should be reduced to the lowest possible level. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * A regulated, marked area should be established where 4- Aminodiphenyl is handled, used, or stored. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl and prior to each exit from a regulated area. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of 4-Aminodiphenyl to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl: * Exposure may affect the ability of the blood to carry oxygen (methemoglobinemia). This can cause headaches, fatigue, difficulty in breathing, fast heart rate, and blue or violet discoloration of the lips and skin. 4-Aminodiphenyl can cause a burning feeling on urination and blood in the urine. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * 4-Aminodiphenyl is a CANCER CAUSING AGENT in humans. It has been shown to cause bladder cancer in humans and animals. * Many scientists believe that there is no safe level of exposure to a cancer causing agent. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard * In animals there is limited evidence that 4-Aminodiphenyl may damage the developing fetus. Other Long Term Effects * This chemical has not been adequately evaluated to determine whether brain or other nerve damage could occur with repeated exposure. However, many solvents and other petroleum based chemicals have been shown to cause such damage. Effects may include reduced memory and concentration, personality changes (withdrawal, irritability), fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced coordination, and/or effects on nerves supplying internal organs (autonomic nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and legs (weakness, "pins and needles"). Medical Testing At regular times (at least twice a year) after employment, the following is recommended: * Urine cytology (a test for abnormal cells in the urine). * Interview for brain effects, including recent memory, mood (irritability, withdrawal), concentration, headaches, malaise and altered sleep patterns. Consider cerebellar, autonomic and peripheral nervous system evaluation. Positive and borderline individuals should be referred for neuropsychological testing. Check OSHA Standard 1910.1011 for specific tests required by law for those exposed to 4-Aminodiphenyl. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Blood methemoglobin level. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following controls are recommended: * Establish a regulated area where 4-Aminodiphenyl is manufactured, used or stored. * Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011 on 4- Aminodiphenyl. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 4- Aminodiphenyl should change into clean clothing promptly. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 4- Aminodiphenyl. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. * On skin contact with 4-Aminodiphenyl, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. Wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 4-Aminodiphenyl prior to each exit from the regulated area. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 4-Aminodiphenyl is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. * Do not dry sweep for cleanup. Use a vacuum method. A high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA) filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with 4-Aminodiphenyl. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before entering a regulated area and removed before exiting a regulated area. * Full body protective clothing, shoe covers, and gloves should be provided and worn. Contact safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers for recommendations on the most protective glove/ clothing material for your operation. Eye Protection * Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory protection. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to 4-Aminodiphenyl does not occur. * At any exposure level, use a MSHA/ NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Common Name: 4-Aminodiphenyl DOT Number: None DOT Emergency Guide code: No Citation CAS Number: 92-67-1 ---------------------------------------- NJ DOH Hazard rating FLAMMABILITY Not Found REACTIVITY Not Found ---------------------------------------- CANCER CAUSING AGENT POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. 4-Aminodiphenyl itself does not burn. * POISONOUS GAS IS PRODUCED IN FIRE. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If 4-Aminodiphenyl is spilled or leaked, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 4-Aminodiphenyl as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program for specific recommendations. ========================================== FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================== HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with 4-Aminodiphenyl you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * A regulated, marked area should be established where 4- Aminodiphenyl is handled, used, or stored, that is maintained under a negative pressure. * Refer to the OSHA standard 1910.1011. FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash area with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Water Solubility: Slightly Soluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: 1,1' Biphenyl 4 Amine Other Names and Formulations: 4-Aminobiphenyl; p-Aminobiphenyl; Aminobiphenyl; Xenylamine; Biphenylamine. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 4-Aminodiphenyl is a solid chemical used in the detection of sulfates and in cancer research. It formerly was used as a rubber antioxidant. 4-Aminodiphenyl may enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. 4-Aminodiphenyl has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short-term effects of 4-aminodiphenyl to plants, birds, or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. 4-Aminodiphenyl has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long-term effects of 4-aminodiphenyl to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY 4-Aminodiphenyl is moderately soluble in water. Concentrations of between 1 to 1,000 milligrams will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT 4-Aminodiphenyl is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 90% of 4-aminodiphenyl will eventually end up in water; about 4.5% will end up in terrestrial soil; about 4.25% will end up in aquatic sediments; and the rest will end up in the air. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of 4-aminodiphenyl found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 4-aminodiphenyl in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.