Common Name: 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine CAS Number: 122-66-7 DOT Number: None DATE: December, 1989 HAZARD SUMMARY * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine should be handled as a CARCINOGEN--WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine can cause severe skin and eye irritation and/or burns and may lead to permanent damage. * Breathing vapors can irritate the nose, throat and lungs. * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may cause a skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposures can cause itching and a skin rash. * Exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine cause headache, nausea, dizziness. * high or repeated exposure may damage the liver, kidneys, brain and red blood cells (hemolytic anemia). IDENTIFICATION 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is cited by NTP, DEP, CAG and EPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CARCINOGEN. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substance should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS No occupational exposure limits have been established for 1,2- Diphenylhydrazine. This does not mean that this substance is not harmful. Safe work practices should always be followed. It should be recognized that 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure. * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1,2- Diphenylhydrazine and the end of the workshift. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine: * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine can cause severe skin and eye irritation and/or burns and may lead to permanent damage. * Breathing vapors can irritate the nose, throat and lungs. * Exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine can cause headache, nausea, dizziness. Higher levels may cause convulsions. * Exposure may cause damage to red blood cells (hemolytic anemia). * Higher exposures could cause a dangerous fluid build-up in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency with severe shortness of breath. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been shown to cause liver, skin, mammary gloss in animals. * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has not been tested for its ability to affect reproduction. Other Long-Term Effects * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may cause a skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposures can cause itching and skin rash. * High or repeated exposure may damage the liver and kidneys. * This chemical has not been adequately evaluated to determine whether brain or other nerve damage could occur with repeated exposure. However, many solvents and other petroleum-based chemicals have been shown to cause such damage. Effects may include reduced memory and concentration, personality changes (withdrawal, irritability), fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced coordination, and/or effects on nerves supplying internal organs (autonomic nerves) and/or nerves to the arms and legs (weakness, "pins and needles"). MEDICAL Medical Testing If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Evaluation by a qualified allergist, including careful exposure history and special testing, may help diagnose skin allergy. * Liver and kidney function tests. * Interview for brain symptoms, including recent memory, mood (irritability, withdrawal), concentration, headaches, malaise and altered sleep patterns. Consider cerebellar, autonomic and peripheral nervous system evaluation. Positive and borderline individuals should be referred for neuropsychological testing. * Complete blood count. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical test that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. Mixed Exposures Because smoking can cause heart disease, as well as lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory problems, it may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce your risk of developing health problems. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following control is recommended: * Where possible, automatically transfer 1,2- Diphenylhydrazine from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1,2- Diphenylhydrazine should change into clean clothing promptly. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazardous of exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine. * Eye wash fountains should be provided in the immediate work area for emergency use. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. * On skin contact with 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the workshift, wash any area of the body that may have contacted 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. * Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean- up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP. * When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA) filter would be used, not a standard shop vacuum. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory protection. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine does not occur. * At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self- contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Common Name: 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine DOT Number: None DOT Emergency Guide Code: No Citation CAS Number : 122-667 ------------------------------------------ Hazard rating NJDOH NFPA Flammability Not Found Not Rated Reactivity Not Found Not Rated ------------------------------------------ POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE CARCINOGEN ------------------------------------------ Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers. * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen Oxides. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is spilled, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill until clean-up is complete. * Remove all ignition sources. * Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. * Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1,2- Diphenylhydrazine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Environmental Program for specific recommendations. ========================================= FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. ========================================= HANDLING AND STORAGE * 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is not compatible with STRONG OXIDIZERS (such as CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE), STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC), ACID CHLORIDES, and ACID ANHYDRIDES. * Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area. * Prior to working with 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water. for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. * Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. PHYSICAL DATA Water Solubility: Slightly soluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: Hydrazine, 1,2-Diphenyl- Other Names and Formulations: n,n'-Bianiline; DPH; Hydrazobenzene. ------------------------------------------- Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------- NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is a manufactured chemical. It is used to make phenylbutazone and as a starting material to make benzidine, an intermediate in the production of dyes. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine may enter the environment from industrial discharges. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has high acute toxicity to aquatic life and moderate acute toxicity to land animals. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the acute, short-term effects of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine to plants or birds. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine has high chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long- term effects of this chemical to plants, birds or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is slightly soluble in water. Concentrations of less that 1 milligram will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine is moderately persistent in water, with a half-life of between 20 to 200 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 84.25% of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine will eventually end up in water; about 6.25% will end up in terrestrial soils; about 5.8% will end up in aquatic sediments; and about 3.7% will end up in air. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA.