Common Name: 1-Napthylamine CAS Number: 134-32-7 DOT Number: UN 2077 Date: January, 1988 ------------------------------------------ HAZARD SUMMARY * 1-Napthylamine can affect you when breathed in and by passing through your skin. * 1-Napthylamine should be handled as a CARCINOGEN WITH EXTREME CAUTION. * High exposure can cause the skin, and lips to turn blue. This reduces the ability of the blood cells to carry oxygen to body organs (Methemoglobinemia). * Some related chemicals can damage the liver and/or cause skin allergies. It is not known whether 1-Napthylamine has these effects. IDENTIFICATION 1-Napthylamine is a white or yellow crystalline (sugar or sand like) material which turns purplish red upon exposure to air. It is used in dye and rubber manufacturing and to control weeds. REASON FOR CITATION * 1-Napthylamine is on the Hazardous Substance List because it is regulated by OSHA and cited by CAG, DEP, NFPA, NIOSH and EPA. * This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List because it is a CARCINOGEN and a MUTAGEN. * Definitions are attached. HOW TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE BEING EXPOSED * Exposure to hazardous substances should be routinely evaluated. This may include collecting personal and area air samples. You can obtain copies of sampling results from your employer. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. * If you think you are experiencing any work related health problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS OSHA and NIOSH have identified 1-Napthylamine as an occupational carcinogen without establishing a permissible exposure limit (PEL). It should be recognized that 1-Napthylamine can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your exposure. * 1-Napthylamine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level. WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE * Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * A regulated, marked area should be established where 1 Napthylamine is handled, used, or stored. * Wear protective work clothing. * Wash thoroughly immediately after exposure to 1 Napthylamine and at the end of the workshift. * Post hazard and warning information in the work area. In addition, as part of an ongoing education and training effort, communicate all information on the health and safety hazards of 1-Napthylamine to potentially exposed workers. This Fact Sheet is a summary source of information of all potential and most severe health hazards that may result from exposure. Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential effects described below. ------------------------------------------ HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION Acute Health Effects The following acute (short term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to 1-Napthylamine: * High exposures can cause the lips and skin to turn blue, called methemoglobinemia. This causes less oxygen to be carried by the blood cells to body organs. * 1-Napthylamine may pass through the skin without a sense of irritation or other warning. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to 1-Napthylamine and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard * 1-Napthylamine may be a CARCINOGEN in humans since it has been shown to cause lung, liver and leukemia cancers in animals. There has been reports of excesses of bladder cancer among individuals who work with 1-Napthylamine. This may be due to contamination with 2 Napthylamine which is a human carcinogen. * Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen. Such substances may also have the potential for causing reproductive damage in humans. Reproductive Hazard * According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, 1-Napthylamine has not been tested for its ability to adversely affect reproduction. Other Long Term Effects * Related chemicals ("aromatic amines") can cause liver damage and/or a skin allergy. If allergy develops, even very low future exposure could trigger symptoms of rash and itching. It is not known whether 1-Napthylamine has these effects. MEDICAL TESTING Before beginning employment and at regular times after that, the following are recommended: * Urine cytology (a test for abnormal cells in the urine). * A urine test for 1-Napthylamine can also be done to determine whether this cancer agent is entering the body. For accuracy, it should be done shortly after exposure. If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the following may be useful: * Test for methemoglobin (most accurate a few hours after exposure; the blood sample must be promptly tested). Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right to this information under OSHA 1910.20. WORKPLACE CONTROLS AND PRACTICES Unless a less toxic chemical can be substituted for a hazardous substance, ENGINEERING CONTROLS are the most effective way of reducing exposure. The best protection is to enclose operations and/or provide local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. Isolating operations can also reduce exposure. Using respirators or protective equipment is less effective than the controls mentioned above, but is sometimes necessary. In evaluating the controls present in your workplace, consider: (1) how hazardous the substance is, (2) how much of the substance is released into the workplace and (3) whether harmful skin or eye contact could occur. Special controls should be in place for highly toxic chemicals or when significant skin, eye, or breathing exposures are possible. In addition, the following controls are recommended: * Where possible, transfer 1-Napthylamine from drums or other storage containers to process containers. * Specific engineering controls are required for this chemical by OSHA. Refer to the OSHA standard: 29 CFR 1910.1004 "alpha Naphthylamine". Good WORK PRACTICES can help to reduce hazardous exposures. The following work practices are recommended: * Workers whose clothing has been contaminated by 1 Napthylamine should change into clean clothing promptly. * Do not take contaminated work clothes home. Family members could be exposed. * Contaminated work clothes should be laundered by individuals who have been informed of the hazards of exposure to 1- Napthylamine. * If there is the possibility of skin exposure, emergency shower facilities should be provided. * On skin contact with 1-Napthylamine, immediately wash or shower to remove the chemical. At the end of the work shift, wash any areas of the body that may have contacted 1- Napthylamine, whether or not known skin contact has occurred. * Do not eat, smoke, or drink where 1-Napthylamine is handled, processed, or stored, since the chemical can be swallowed. Wash hands carefully before eating or smoking. * Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP. * When vacuuming, a high efficiency particulate absolute (HEPA) filter should be used, not a standard shop vacuum. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WORKPLACE CONTROLS ARE BETTER THAN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. However, for some jobs (such as outside work, confined space entry, jobs done only once in a while, or jobs done while workplace controls are being installed), personal protective equipment may be appropriate. The following recommendations are only guidelines and may not apply to every situation. Clothing * Avoid skin contact with 1-Napthylamine. Wear protective gloves and clothing. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. * All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Eye Protection * Eye protection is included in the recommended respiratory protection. Respiratory Protection IMPROPER USE OF RESPIRATORS IS DANGEROUS. Such equipment should only be used if the employer has a written program that takes into account workplace conditions, requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing and medical exams, as described in OSHA 1910.134. * Engineering controls must be effective to ensure that exposure to 1-Napthylamine does not occur. * At any exposure level, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. Common Name: 1-Napthylamine DOT Number: UN 2077 DOT Emergency Guide code: 55 CAS Number: 134-32-7 ---------------------------------------- NJ DOH Hazard rating FLAMMABILITY 1 REACTIVITY 0 ---------------------------------------- CARCINOGEN POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE ---------------------------------------- Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe FIRE HAZARDS * 1-Napthylamine may burn, but does not readily ignite. * Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers; however, water or foam may cause frothing. * POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE, including Nitrogen Oxides. * CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE. * If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped as stated in OSHA 1910.156. SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES If 1-Napthylamine is spilled, take the following steps: * Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill until cleanup is complete. * Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. * It may be necessary to contain and dispose of 1 Napthylamine as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your State Environmental Program for specific recommendations. FOR LARGE SPILLS AND FIRES immediately call your fire department. HANDLING AND STORAGE * Prior to working with 1-Napthylamine you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. * Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from LIGHT. * A regulated, marked area should be established where 1 Napthylamine is handled, used, or stored. FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION Eye Contact * Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Skin Contact * Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water. Breathing * Remove the person from exposure. * Begin rescue breathing if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. * Transfer promptly to a medical facility. PHYSICAL DATA Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg at 220oF Flash Point: 315oF Water Solubility: Insoluble OTHER COMMONLY USED NAMES Chemical Name: 1-Napthalenamine Other Names and Formulations: 1-Aminonaphthalene; alpha-Napthylamine; Fast Garnet B Base. ------------------------------------------ Not intended to be copied and sold for commercial purposes. ------------------------------------------ NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Right to Know Program CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625 0368 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1-Naphthylamine is a reddish crystalline solid used to make dyes and toning prints. It may enter the environment from industrial discharges or spills. ACUTE (SHORT-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Acute toxic effects may include the death of animals, birds, or fish, and death or low growth rate in plants. Acute effects are seen two to four days after animals or plants come in contact with a toxic chemical substance. 1-Naphthylamine has moderate acute toxicity to aquatic life and has caused chromosomal effects and root kill in an agricultural crop. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short- term effects of this chemical to birds or land animals. CHRONIC (LONG-TERM) ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS Chronic toxic effects may include shortened lifespan, reproductive problems, lower fertility, and changes in appearance or behavior. Chronic effects can be seen long after first exposure(s) to a toxic chemical. 1-Naphthylamine has moderate chronic toxicity to aquatic life. Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the long- term effects of this chemical to plants, birds, or land animals. WATER SOLUBILITY 1-Naphthylamine is highly soluble in water. Concentrations of 1,000 milligrams and more will mix with a liter of water. DISTRIBUTION AND PERSISTENCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1-Naphthylamine is slightly persistent in water, with a half-life of between 2 to 20 days. The half-life of a pollutant is the amount of time it takes for one-half of the chemical to be degraded. About 98% of 1-Naphthylamine will eventually end up in water; about 1%, respectively, will end up in terrestrial soils and aquatic sediments. BIOACCUMULATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS Some substances increase in concentration, or bioaccumulate, in living organisms as they breathe contaminated air, drink contaminated water, or eat contaminated food. These chemicals can become concentrated in the tissues and internal organs of animals and humans. The concentration of 1-Naphthylamine found in fish tissues is expected to be somewhat higher than the average concentration of 1- Naphthylamine in the water from which the fish was taken. SUPPORT DOCUMENT: AQUIRE Database, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA., Phytotox.